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hardware disease
Hardware disease is a common term for ''bovine traumatic reticuloperitonitis''. It is usually caused by the ingestion of a sharp, metallic object. These pieces of metal settle in the reticulum, and can irritate or penetrate the lining. It is most common in dairy cattle, but is occasionally seen in beef cattle. It is very rarely reported in any other ruminants.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis )〕 It can be difficult to conclusively diagnose and it can be prevented by the oral administration of a magnet before the animal reaches the age of one.〔
== Causes ==
Cattle commonly swallow foreign objects, because they do not use their lips to discriminate between materials and they do not completely chew their feed before swallowing. Sharp metallic objects, such as nails or wire, are the common initiators of hardware disease.〔 The object travels into the rumen and is then pushed into the reticulum along with the rest of the feed. In some cases, contractions of the reticulum can push the object through part of the reticulum wall into the peritoneal cavity, where it causes severe inflammation.〔 In rare cases, the metal object penetrates the entire wall of the reticulum and can pierce the heart sac, causing pericarditis.〔 Compression by the uterus in late pregnancy, straining during parturition and mounting during estrus can increase the likelihood of the object penetrating the abdominal wall or the heart sac.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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